Just watch this video, and you will soon understand about Adverb Clause.
Tuesday, December 4, 2012
Monday, December 3, 2012
Complex Sentence
COMPLEX SENTENCE
A complex sentence has an Independent Clause joined by one or more the Dependent Clauses.
A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as; because, since, after, although, when or relative pronoun such as; that, who, which.
Examples;
A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
B. The teacher returned the homework after he noticed the error.
C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.
Note; Subjects are in yellow, the verbs are in green and the subordinators and their commas (when required) are in red.
When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator such as sentence A and D, a comma is required at the end of the Depemdent Clause.
When the Independent Clause begins the sentence with subordinators in the middle as in sentences B, C and E, no comma required.
Note the sentences D and E are the same except sentence D begins with the Dependent Clause which is followed by a comma, and sentence E begins with Independent Clause which contains no comma.
A complex sentence has an Independent Clause joined by one or more the Dependent Clauses.
A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as; because, since, after, although, when or relative pronoun such as; that, who, which.
Examples;
A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
B. The teacher returned the homework after he noticed the error.
C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.
Note; Subjects are in yellow, the verbs are in green and the subordinators and their commas (when required) are in red.
When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator such as sentence A and D, a comma is required at the end of the Depemdent Clause.
When the Independent Clause begins the sentence with subordinators in the middle as in sentences B, C and E, no comma required.
Note the sentences D and E are the same except sentence D begins with the Dependent Clause which is followed by a comma, and sentence E begins with Independent Clause which contains no comma.
Compund Sentence
COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence contains two Independent Clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma.
Examples;
A. I tried to Speak Chinese, and my friend tried to speak English.
B. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
C. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
Note; Subjects are in yellow, the verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that precede them are in red.
The above three sentences are compound sentences. Each sentence contains two Independent Clauses, and they are joined by a coordinator with a comma preceding it.
Note how the conscious use of coordinators can change the relationship between the clauses. Sentences B and C, for example, are identical except for the coordinators.
In sentence B which action occurred first? Obviously, ''Alejandro played football'' and as consequences, ''Maria went shopping.''
In sentence C, ''Maria went shopping.'' first. ''Alejandro played football,'' because, possibly, he didn't have anything else to do, FOR or BECAUSE ''Maria went shopping.''
A compound sentence contains two Independent Clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma.
Examples;
A. I tried to Speak Chinese, and my friend tried to speak English.
B. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
C. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
Note; Subjects are in yellow, the verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that precede them are in red.
The above three sentences are compound sentences. Each sentence contains two Independent Clauses, and they are joined by a coordinator with a comma preceding it.
Note how the conscious use of coordinators can change the relationship between the clauses. Sentences B and C, for example, are identical except for the coordinators.
In sentence B which action occurred first? Obviously, ''Alejandro played football'' and as consequences, ''Maria went shopping.''
In sentence C, ''Maria went shopping.'' first. ''Alejandro played football,'' because, possibly, he didn't have anything else to do, FOR or BECAUSE ''Maria went shopping.''
Simple Sentence
SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence, also called an Independent Clause, contain a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
Examples;
A. Some students like to study in the mornings.
B. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon.
C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.
Note; Subjects are in yellow and verbs are in green.
The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence B contains a compound subject, and sentence C contains a compound verb. Simple sentence, therefore, contains a subject and a verb and express a complete thought, but they can also contain a compound subjects and verbs.
A simple sentence, also called an Independent Clause, contain a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
Examples;
A. Some students like to study in the mornings.
B. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon.
C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.
Note; Subjects are in yellow and verbs are in green.
The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence B contains a compound subject, and sentence C contains a compound verb. Simple sentence, therefore, contains a subject and a verb and express a complete thought, but they can also contain a compound subjects and verbs.
Friday, November 30, 2012
Wednesday, November 28, 2012
The Present Perfect Progressive
Form
Positive --> Have/has + been (present perfect of ''be'') + verb-ing
- I have been working. ----> I've been walking. (sort from)
- You have been running.
- He has been cooking.
- It has been raining.
- They have been sleeping.
Negative --> Just add ''not''
- I have not been walking.
- You have not been running.
- He has not been cooking.
- They have not been sleeping.
Yes/no Question
- Have I been walking?
- Have you been running?
''Wh'' Question
- What have I been doing?
- Where have you been running?
USE
1. To say for how long unfinished actions which started in the past and continue in the present.
We often use this with for and since (see the present prefect)
- I have been living in Taiwan for two years.
- She's been working here since 2006.
- We've been waiting for the bus for hours.
2. Actions which have just stopped (though the whole action can be unfinished) and have a result.
Which we often see, hear or feel in the present (focus on action).
- I'm so tired, I've been studying.
- I've been running, so I'm really hot.
- It's been raining, the pavement is wet.
- I've been reading your book, it's very good.
Positive --> Have/has + been (present perfect of ''be'') + verb-ing
- I have been working. ----> I've been walking. (sort from)
- You have been running.
- He has been cooking.
- It has been raining.
- They have been sleeping.
Negative --> Just add ''not''
- I have not been walking.
- You have not been running.
- He has not been cooking.
- They have not been sleeping.
Yes/no Question
- Have I been walking?
- Have you been running?
''Wh'' Question
- What have I been doing?
- Where have you been running?
USE
1. To say for how long unfinished actions which started in the past and continue in the present.
We often use this with for and since (see the present prefect)
- I have been living in Taiwan for two years.
- She's been working here since 2006.
- We've been waiting for the bus for hours.
2. Actions which have just stopped (though the whole action can be unfinished) and have a result.
Which we often see, hear or feel in the present (focus on action).
- I'm so tired, I've been studying.
- I've been running, so I'm really hot.
- It's been raining, the pavement is wet.
- I've been reading your book, it's very good.
The Future Continous/Progressive Tense
Form
The positive ( will + be + verb-ing) ;
At 10 am tomorrow,
- I will be sleeping.
- You will be working.
- She will be studying.
- It will be raining.
- We will be eating breakfast.
The negative (will + not + be + verb-ing) ;
When John gets home,
- I will not be working. (I won't be....)
- You will not be reading. (You won't be....)
- She will not be studying. (She won't be....)
- It will not be snowing. (It won't be....)
- We will not be watching TV. (We won't be....)
Yes/no Question
When arrive at the party,
- Will I be cooking?
- Will you be dancing?
Wh Question
- What will I be doing?
- Where will you be working?
- Why will we be studying?
USE
1. A continuous action in the future which is interrupted by a time or by another action.
- I'll be waiting when you arrive.
- At 8 o'clock, I'll be eating dinner.
2. A complete action in the future that will happen in the normal course of events.
- The government will be making a statement later.
- Will you be taking your car to the meeting? = (I'm asking indirectly and politely- perhaps I want to get a lift).
3. To make a guess about the present.
- My sister will be working now. = (I think she is working now, but I'm not completely certain).
The positive ( will + be + verb-ing) ;
At 10 am tomorrow,
- I will be sleeping.
- You will be working.
- She will be studying.
- It will be raining.
- We will be eating breakfast.
The negative (will + not + be + verb-ing) ;
When John gets home,
- I will not be working. (I won't be....)
- You will not be reading. (You won't be....)
- She will not be studying. (She won't be....)
- It will not be snowing. (It won't be....)
- We will not be watching TV. (We won't be....)
Yes/no Question
When arrive at the party,
- Will I be cooking?
- Will you be dancing?
Wh Question
- What will I be doing?
- Where will you be working?
- Why will we be studying?
USE
1. A continuous action in the future which is interrupted by a time or by another action.
- I'll be waiting when you arrive.
- At 8 o'clock, I'll be eating dinner.
2. A complete action in the future that will happen in the normal course of events.
- The government will be making a statement later.
- Will you be taking your car to the meeting? = (I'm asking indirectly and politely- perhaps I want to get a lift).
3. To make a guess about the present.
- My sister will be working now. = (I think she is working now, but I'm not completely certain).
Tuesday, November 27, 2012
The Present Simple
Present Simple
Form : V+ s/es in third person
USE
1. Repeated Action
Use the simple present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a schedule event or something that often happens.
Examples
- I play tennis.
- She doesn't play tennis.
- Does he play tennis?
- The bus leaves every morning at 7 am.
- When does the bus usually leave?
- He never forgets his wallet.
- Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun.
2. Fact or Generalizations.
Indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It's also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Example
- Cats like milk.
- Birds don't like milk.
- Do pigs like milk?
- Taipei is a small city.
- California is in America.
3. Scheduled events in the near future.
This is most commonly done when talking about public transformation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.
Example
- The bus leaves tonight at 8 pm.
- When do we broad the plane?
- The party starts at 7 o'clock.
- When does class begin tomorrow?
4. Now
Use to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now.
Example
- I am here now.
- She is not here now.
- He needs help right now.
- He doesn't need help now.
- Do you have your passport with you?
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement adverbs such as; always, only, never, ever, just, still. etc
-You only speak English.
- Do you only speak English?
ACTIVE/PASSIVE
- Once a week. Mr. Chang cleans the car. --> active
- Once a week, the car is cleaned by Mr. Chang. --> passive
Monday, November 26, 2012
Simple Past Vs Present Perfect
TIME ----> 1. Finished. ---> Past Simple
2. Unfinished. ---> Present Perfect
1). Past Simple (S+pp)
*-* I worked hard
- yesterday
- last week
- last month
USE
* Something that happened once in the past.
- I met my husband in 2008.
- We went to France for our holiday.
- They got home very late last night.
* Something that was true for sometime in the past.
- I lived abroad for ten years.
- He enjoyed being a student.
- She played a lot of tennis when she was younger.
* Something that happened again and again in the past.
- When I was a girl I walked a mile to school every day.
- I always enjoyed visiting my friends.
- We sang a lot while we were in karaoke bars.
* We often use phrases with ago with the past tense.
- I met my husband a long time ago.
Question & Negative
- We use did followed infinitive to make a question.
- When did you meet your husband?
- Where did you go for your holidays?
- Did you live abroad?
* We use din not (didn't), to make negatives in the past tense.
- I didn't see you yesterday.
- We didn't get home until very late last night.
- They didn't go to China this year.
2). Present Perfect (have/has+pp)
Present Perfect Continuous (have/has+been+ -ing form)
*-* I have worked hard --> Present Perfect *-* I have been working hard. --> Present P. Continuous
- this week
- this semester
- since January
- since 6 am
USE
* Something that started in the past and continues in the present.
- She has lived in Taiwan all her life.
- I have been married for nearly three years.
- It's been raining for hours.
* Something we have done several times in the past and continue to do.
- I have worked here since I left school.
- I have visited Niagara Falls many times in my life.
- He has written three books and he is working on another one.
- They have been staying with us since last week.
- I have been watching that program every week since it started.
* When we are talking about our experience up to the present (we use ever/never).
- My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.
- Have you ever met Fendy?
- Yes, but I have never met his wife. --> Negative form.
* Something that happened in the past, but is important at the time of speaking.
- I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys.
- Mr. Chang is not at home. I think he has gone shopping.
- I'm tired out. I have been working all day.
* We use the present perfect with time adverbial which refer to the recent past;
just; only just; recently
- We have just got back from our holidays.
..or adverbials which include the present. ever, so far, until now, up to now, yet
- Have you ever seen a ghost?
- Where have you been up to now?
- Have you finished your homework yet?
- No. so far I have only done my history.
2. Unfinished. ---> Present Perfect
1). Past Simple (S+pp)
*-* I worked hard
- yesterday
- last week
- last month
USE
* Something that happened once in the past.
- I met my husband in 2008.
- We went to France for our holiday.
- They got home very late last night.
* Something that was true for sometime in the past.
- I lived abroad for ten years.
- He enjoyed being a student.
- She played a lot of tennis when she was younger.
* Something that happened again and again in the past.
- When I was a girl I walked a mile to school every day.
- I always enjoyed visiting my friends.
- We sang a lot while we were in karaoke bars.
* We often use phrases with ago with the past tense.
- I met my husband a long time ago.
Question & Negative
- We use did followed infinitive to make a question.
- When did you meet your husband?
- Where did you go for your holidays?
- Did you live abroad?
* We use din not (didn't), to make negatives in the past tense.
- I didn't see you yesterday.
- We didn't get home until very late last night.
- They didn't go to China this year.
2). Present Perfect (have/has+pp)
Present Perfect Continuous (have/has+been+ -ing form)
*-* I have worked hard --> Present Perfect *-* I have been working hard. --> Present P. Continuous
- this week
- this semester
- since January
- since 6 am
USE
* Something that started in the past and continues in the present.
- She has lived in Taiwan all her life.
- I have been married for nearly three years.
- It's been raining for hours.
* Something we have done several times in the past and continue to do.
- I have worked here since I left school.
- I have visited Niagara Falls many times in my life.
- He has written three books and he is working on another one.
- They have been staying with us since last week.
- I have been watching that program every week since it started.
* When we are talking about our experience up to the present (we use ever/never).
- My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.
- Have you ever met Fendy?
- Yes, but I have never met his wife. --> Negative form.
* Something that happened in the past, but is important at the time of speaking.
- I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys.
- Mr. Chang is not at home. I think he has gone shopping.
- I'm tired out. I have been working all day.
* We use the present perfect with time adverbial which refer to the recent past;
just; only just; recently
- We have just got back from our holidays.
..or adverbials which include the present. ever, so far, until now, up to now, yet
- Have you ever seen a ghost?
- Where have you been up to now?
- Have you finished your homework yet?
- No. so far I have only done my history.
The Future In The Past
Was/were-------> Going to.
*-* I'm going to call you at 8pm. ---> Future plan.
- I was going to call you, but I forgot! ---> Future in the past.
@ I have a plan that I want to call you, but I forgot so I didn't call you.
- You promised that you were going to help me study.
@ You promised me that you want to help me study, but in fact you didn't.
- She said they were going to win, but they didn't.
@ She said that they might be win, but in fact they didn't.
I, It, He, She, Jony [Person name] ---> Was (Singular)
You, They, We, Jony and I ---> Were (Plural)
*-* I'm going to call you at 8pm. ---> Future plan.
- I was going to call you, but I forgot! ---> Future in the past.
@ I have a plan that I want to call you, but I forgot so I didn't call you.
- You promised that you were going to help me study.
@ You promised me that you want to help me study, but in fact you didn't.
- She said they were going to win, but they didn't.
@ She said that they might be win, but in fact they didn't.
I, It, He, She, Jony [Person name] ---> Was (Singular)
You, They, We, Jony and I ---> Were (Plural)
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